Nucleous properties

[gstefane]

As far as I’ve heard, I know that the nuclei of the atoms has some properties that goes beneath the electromagnetism physics.

A nuclei is fromed by neutrons, which has nule charge, and protons, which have positive charge. The number of protons presents in a nuclei determine the element, and changes in the different number of neutrons lead to different isotopes, like C12 or C14. The mass of the nuclei is very big compared to the mass of the elctrons. A nuclei has also magnetic moment and magnetic properties, so under a magnetic field we can have splitting of energy levels inside the nuclei, which will lead to some radiation. THis can be used for exemple in RMN, a technique taht allows use to see through the tissues. The different isotopes of an element allow to several scientists to studie the age of rocks, fossiles etc…

I know that there exist two type of forces, called strong/weak nucleous forces, which are a really huge forces that allow to the protons and neutrons being togheter in a small region of the space, without being repeled between each other. I also know that nuclear reactions (changes in the nucleous) lead to a very huge relase of energy and radiation. There is the nuclear fusion, in which different protons/neutrons aggregate, like two hydrogens forming helium, and the nuclear fision, in which a big nucleous, like the one of the Uranium splits in smaller nucleous. Nuclear fusion is a common reaction at the sun, but we still can’t use this kind of reactions to obtain energy. On the other hand, nuclear fision is not as energetic as nuclear fusion, but we already are able to obtain energy with this process. THe nuclear fision has a some negative effects, like the release of radiation and radioactive elements, which are really harmfull for the human beings, as well as for all type of life. There is no way for the moment to fight against this type of elements, and the only thing we can do is to burry them very deep, and wait (sometimes milions of years) until the elements stop being radiactive.

For an accurate study of the nuclei properties, quantum physics need to be used, and the electromagnetism and gravity forces are not as important as in the macroscopic world.

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