The value of J can be seen as a vector sum of L and S.
– If L & S are parallel, the resulting J-vector will be maximal.
– If L & S are anti-parallel (parallel but pointing in opposite directions), the resulting J will be minimal.
– If L & S are perpendicular, an intermediate J value is reached.
So for this example: J=0 for anti-parallel, J=1 for perpendicular, and J=2 for parallel orientation.